VAT in Estonia 2026
VAT in Estonia applies not only to local companies. If you sell goods or services connected to Estonia, import goods, use a warehouse, or serve Estonian B2B customers, first check your tax location and how you will settle your tax.
This guide provides a roadmap to the topic: VAT rates, currency, EE number, VAT registration in Estonia, reverse charge, import, KMD, KMD INF, VD, OSS, IOSS, and VAT refund. We cover detailed procedures separately in the guides on VAT registration and VAT returns in Estonia.
VAT in Estonia – what to check before the first invoice?
Estonian VAT, or käibemaks, is calculated according to the VAT Act and EMTA practice. In practice, don't start with the rate alone. First, determine the flow of goods, the buyer's status, the place of taxation, and who is responsible for settling the tax.
Basic rate
From 1 July 2025, the standard VAT rate in Estonia is 24%. The EMTA also specifies rates of 13%, 9%, 0%, and exemptions.
VAT number
The Estonian VAT number has the prefix EE. A foreign company may need it for local sales, warehousing, imports, or intra-Community acquisitions in Estonia.
KMD until day 20
After registration, the standard settlement is a monthly KMD declaration, submitted and paid generally by the 20th day of the following month.
From our experience
We most often resolve situations where a company has treated the €40,000 threshold as universal protection for non-residents or has assumed that every B2B transaction with an Estonian counterparty automatically triggers reverse charge. In Estonia, the entire model must be considered: warehouse, import, movement of goods, buyer, and documentation.
VAT rates in Estonia in 2026
Current VAT rates in Estonia are 24%, 13%, 9%, and 0%. The settlement currency is the euro.
| Rate | When it matters | What to watch out for |
|---|---|---|
| 24% | Standard rateMost supplies of goods and services are taxed in Estonia, unless there is a basis for a reduced rate, 0% or exemption. | Valid for local B2C sales, sales from an Estonian warehouse and transactions not settled by the buyer. |
| 13% | AccommodationA narrow reduced rate, mainly applicable to accommodation and bed and breakfast services. | Additional hotel benefits, alcohol, transportation, or spa services may require separate classification. |
| 9% | Selected goods and servicesMay include, but are not limited to, books, e-books, specific publications, medicines, medical devices and ancillary products. | A product's marketing name isn't enough. What matters is meeting the requirements of Estonian regulations. |
| 0% | Exports, ICT and selected servicesThe 0% rate may apply to, among others, exports, ICT and selected services related to international trade. | 0% is still a taxable transaction. Documentation confirming entitlement to preferences is required. |
| Sick leave | Selected activitiesThe Estonian VAT Act provides for exemptions for certain services and goods. | The exemption and the 0% rate have different consequences for the right to deduct input VAT. |
The practical difference: 0% and exemption
In the case of export or intra-Community supply of goods (ICS) at a 0% rate, the sale remains a taxable transaction. With an exemption, the deduction of VAT on costs related to such a sale may be limited. Therefore, when classifying, it's not worth stopping at the question "do I charge VAT?".
When is a transaction subject to Estonian VAT?
The Estonian VAT rate only applies if the place of taxation is Estonia. The starting point is the rules of the Estonian VAT Act and official EMTA information.
Determine the product or service
Check whether you sell goods, a general B2B service, a B2C service, a real estate service, delivery with assembly, or export.
Check location
In the case of goods, it is crucial to know where the goods are at the time of delivery and from where the transport starts.
Verify the buyer
Sales to consumers, VAT payers, taxpayers with limited VAT liability or platforms work differently.
Rate reverse charge
If the Estonian buyer settles VAT, the foreign seller does not always have to charge Estonian VAT.
Just choose your rate
After analyzing the place of taxation and the settlement mechanism, choose 24%, 13%, 9%, 0% or exemption.
Typical VAT scenarios in Estonia
The greatest risk arises when a company looks only at the sales invoice. In practice, it requires tracking the movement of goods, imports, warehouses, customer status, and subsequent reporting.
| Model | What to usually check | Risk for non-resident |
|---|---|---|
| Warehouse in Estonia | Goods may be moved to Estonia before sale and subsequent delivery is local. | An EE VAT number may be needed even for low sales values. |
| Import to Estonia | Determine the importer, EORI, customs document, import VAT and further sale after clearance. | Import VAT deduction and local sales often lead to registration and KMD. |
| B2B sales | Check whether the Estonian buyer is a taxpayer and whether the regulations allow reverse charge. | Reverse charge may limit obligations, but does not cancel other events, e.g. ITC of own goods. |
| B2C Sales | Assess whether the sale can be settled in OSS and where the goods are located before shipment. | OSS does not replace local registration when selling from an Estonian warehouse. |
| Delivery with assembly | If the installation takes place in Estonia, the place of taxation may be Estonia. | The lack of an Estonian buyer settling VAT may mean that the seller must be registered. |
VAT registration in Estonia – in short, without going into the procedure
A foreign company may need to register if it performs a taxable activity in Estonia and the buyer doesn't settle the tax. The full procedure is described in a separate guide: VAT registration in Estonia.
The EMTA indicates that registration may be required for exceeding certain limits, but for non-residents, the €40,000 threshold should not be automatically considered a safe limit for every model. Local sales from a warehouse, the movement of own goods, imports, deliveries with assembly, and B2C sales outside the OSS should be assessed with particular caution.
If you need support in preparing your application and communicating with the authorities, Taxenlight offers VAT registration services abroad. However, in this article, we'll stick to the responsibilities map to avoid duplicating a detailed registration guide.
When to check your EE VAT number?
- sale from Estonian warehouse,
- relocation of own goods to Estonia,
- import of goods and further sale,
- local B2C sales,
- delivery with assembly or installation,
- real estate services in Estonia,
- deduction of Estonian VAT through the KMD declaration.
Beware of non-EU companies
Under the EMTA, a third-country entity without a permanent establishment in Estonia may be required to appoint an approved tax representative. For an EU company, a representative is not always mandatory, but a representative can be useful for e-MTA, KMD, and correspondence.
Reverse charge in Estonia
Reverse charge transfers the obligation to settle VAT from the seller to the buyer. This can be crucial for a foreign company, as it sometimes reduces the need for local registration for a specific transaction.
What does a salesperson do?
Issues an invoice without Estonian VAT if the reverse charge conditions are met and describes the settlement mechanism accordingly.
What does the buyer do?
An Estonian taxpayer calculates VAT at the correct rate, reports the tax due and deducts it if he or she is entitled to do so.
Where's the catch?
Reverse charge does not remove obligations that arose earlier, e.g. when importing, importing own goods or selling from local stock.
In practice we see
The most common mistake is treating "B2B" as an automatic consent to the lack of Estonian registration. Before applying reverse charge in Estonia, check the buyer's status, transaction type, place of taxation, and whether the foreign seller has any assets in Estonia involved in the delivery.
Import of goods and import VAT in Estonia
When importing, it's not just about customs clearance. It's also important to determine the importer, EORI, customs document, right to deduction, and whether the goods will be sold in Estonia after clearance.
What to check before check-in?
- who is the importer and recipient in the documents,
- whether the company has an EORI number,
- who pays or settles import VAT,
- whether the goods stay in Estonia or go further,
- whether sales after import require an EE number,
- can import VAT be deducted in KMD?.
Deferred import VAT
The EMTA describes the possibility of declaring import VAT on the KMD declaration, but this is not an automatic right for every importer. The taxpayer must meet the conditions and obtain confirmation from the relevant authority.
Check the official rules: settling import VAT in the KMD declaration.
Taxenlight advises
If you import goods into Estonia in your own name and then sell them locally, don't analyze the import separately from the sale. It's a single VAT chain: customs clearance, deduction, warehouse, invoice, KMD, and possibly KMD INF.
VAT returns in Estonia after registration
Once you have obtained your EE number, regular reporting begins. The basis is the KMD, and where applicable, also the KMD INF and VD. Detailed fields are described in a separate guide on VAT returns in Estonia.
Basic VAT declaration
KMD shows sales by rates, output VAT, input VAT, ITC, import of services, selected reverse charge, import of VAT in KMD, corrections and result.
Invoice attachment
KMD INF applies to selected sales and purchase invoices. According to EMTA, the reporting threshold is generally set at €1,000 net per customer.
EU information
VD reports certain intra-Community transactions, including intra-Community supplies of goods and selected B2B services to taxpayers from other EU countries.
Deadline: generally by the 20th of the month
Filing VAT returns (KMD) in Estonia is usually monthly. The KMD and its attachment must be submitted by the 20th of the month following the settlement period. VAT is also payable by this deadline.
VIES, Intrastat, OSS, IOSS and local reports
Estonian VAT isn't limited to a single declaration. Depending on the sales model, KMD INF, VD, VIES, Intrastat, OSS, or IOSS may also be included.
VIES and VD
The EE number should be visible in VIES. Selected IDTs and B2B services are included in VD information and must be consistent with KMD.
KMD INF
This is an Estonian invoice attachment that allows EMTA to compare contractors' data and identify VAT discrepancies.
OSS
OSS can help with B2C sales to Estonian consumers if the goods are not sold from a local warehouse in Estonia.
IOSS and import
IOSS applies to specific import shipments. It does not replace customs clearance, importer, or post-import sales analysis.
OSS is not a band-aid for every model
EMTA describes the OSS and IOSS procedures in Estonia as simplifications for e-commerce and services. They do not replace local registration when a company sells from an Estonian warehouse, transfers its own goods to Estonia, or imports goods as an entity responsible for resale.
VAT deduction and refund in Estonia
The right to deduct depends on the connection between the purchase and a taxable activity. The taxpayer must have a valid invoice or customs document and correctly account for the VAT charged in the VAT return.
Registered taxpayer
A surplus in KMD may require a refund application or transfer from the Estonian prepayment account.
A company from another EU country
If it does not have local registration and meets the conditions, it can benefit from the VAT refund procedure for EU taxpayers.
Non-EU entity
The refund procedure requires a separate assessment of the country, reciprocity, taxpayer status and type of expenses.
First, taxpayer status
If a company performs activities in Estonia that require local registration, the regular refund procedure for a non-resident may not be appropriate. It's worth starting by asking whether VAT should be refunded through the KMD or the refund procedure. EMTA describes, among other things, the refund of Estonian VAT to a company from another EU country.
The most common VAT errors in Estonia
Errors are usually not due to the rate itself. They arise from inconsistencies between logistics, invoices, VAT numbers, declarations, and documents.
Registration
- automatic application of the €40,000 threshold to non-residents,
- sale from a warehouse without an EE number,
- no analysis of the representative for a non-EU company,
- omitting the movement of your own goods.
Invoicing
- applying reverse charge without checking the buyer's status,
- no "Reverse charge" marking,
- incorrect VAT number on the invoice,
- no documents required for the 0% rate.
Reporting
- skipping zero KMD,
- failure to take into account KMD INF,
- KMD, KMD INF and VD inconsistency,
- reporting import VAT in KMD without authorization.
VAT in Estonia 2026 – key conclusions
VAT in Estonia in 2026 is based on a standard rate of 24%, rates of 13% and 9%, a 0% rate, and exemptions. However, for a foreign company, more important than the rate itself is whether a transaction is subject to Estonian VAT at all and who is responsible for settling it.
First, the transaction model
Check the goods flow, buyer status, import, warehouse, OSS and reverse charge before selecting a rate.
The EE number doesn't always wait at the doorstep
In a locally taxable transaction, a non-resident may need to register before making his first sale.
After registration, it's the process that counts
KMD, KMD INF, VD, transport and import documents and correspondence in e-MTA must tell the same story.
VAT in Estonia 2026 – questions and answers
Briefly about the most common doubts that arise before selling, importing, registering or submitting a KMD in Estonia.
The standard VAT rate in Estonia is 24%. Rates of 13%, 9%, and 0% also apply, as do exemptions for certain activities.
The VAT settlement currency in Estonia is the euro. VAT amounts on Estonian invoices and KMD declarations should be traceable to the EUR settlement.
No. The €40,000 threshold should not automatically apply as a protection for every non-resident. For locally taxable transactions, registration may be required from the first transaction.
An EE VAT number may be needed for sales from an Estonian warehouse, the movement of your own goods, imports, local B2C sales and transactions that are not settled by the buyer via reverse charge.
Not always. Reverse charge may eliminate registration for a specific transaction, but it does not eliminate obligations arising from, for example, imports, the movement of own goods, or B2C sales.
The basic settlement period is one month. The KMD declaration and its annexes are generally submitted by the 20th day of the month following the settlement period.
KMD is the basic Estonian VAT return. It shows sales by rate, output VAT, input VAT, ITC, imported services, selected reverse charges, corrections, and the settlement result.
KMD INF is an attachment to KMD containing data from specific sales and purchase invoices. EMTA uses it to compare customer data.
Not always. OSS can help with B2C sales from another EU country, but it does not replace registration for sales from an Estonian warehouse, moving your own goods, importing, and local transactions outside of OSS.
Yes, but only after meeting the conditions and obtaining EMTA approval. This is not an automatic option for every importer.
This text is for informational purposes only and does not replace an individual tax analysis. For VAT in Estonia, it is necessary to verify taxpayer status, place of taxation, transaction model, registration, reverse charge, VAT import, KMD, KMD INF, VD, OSS/IOSS, e-MTA declarations, right of deduction, and current reporting obligations.
